How do I make a C++ console program exit?

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While you can call exit() (and may need to do so if your application encounters some fatal error), the cleanest way to exit a program is to return from main():

int main()
{
    // do whatever your program does

} // function returns and exits program

When you call exit(), objects with automatic storage duration (local variables) are not destroyed before the program terminates, so you don’t get proper cleanup. Those objects might need to clean up any resources they own, persist any pending state changes, terminate any running threads, or perform other actions in order for the program to terminate cleanly.

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