This is one way to do it (in Python 3.x):
escaped = a_string.translate(str.maketrans({"-": r"\-",
"]": r"\]",
"\\": r"\\",
"^": r"\^",
"$": r"\$",
"*": r"\*",
".": r"\."}))
For reference, for escaping strings to use in regex:
import re
escaped = re.escape(a_string)