Both your questions are duplicates, but I’ll try to add interesting facts to existing answers.
Question 1 is a duplicate of SPARQL query to get only results with the most recent date.
This technique does the trick:
FILTER NOT EXISTS {
?country p:P1081/pq:P585 ?hdi_date_ .
FILTER (?hdi_date_ > ?hdi_date)
}
However, you should add this clause outside of OPTIONAL
, it is not working inside of OPTIONAL
(and I’m not sure this is not a bug).
Question 2 is a duplicate of Some cities aren’t instances of city or big city?
You can’t use wdt-predicates, because missing statements are not truthy.
They are normal-rank statements, but there is a preferred-rank statement.
Truthy statements represent statements that have the best non-deprecated rank for given property. Namely, if there is a preferred statement for property P2, then only preferred statements for P2 will be considered truthy. Otherwise, all normal-rank statements are considered truthy.
The reason why P1081
always has preferred statement is that this property is processed by PreferentialBot.