In Perl, how can I read an entire file into a string?

I would do it like this:

my $file = "index.html";
my $document = do {
    local $/ = undef;
    open my $fh, "<", $file
        or die "could not open $file: $!";
    <$fh>;
};

Note the use of the three-argument version of open. It is much safer than the old two- (or one-) argument versions. Also note the use of a lexical filehandle. Lexical filehandles are nicer than the old bareword variants, for many reasons. We are taking advantage of one of them here: they close when they go out of scope.

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