I believe this may be what your looking for:
SELECT padded_id = REPLACE(STR(id, 4), SPACE(1), '0')
FROM tableA
or
SELECT REPLACE(STR(id, 4), SPACE(1), '0') AS [padded_id]
FROM tableA
I haven’t tested the syntax on the 2nd example. I’m not sure if that works 100% – it may require some tweaking – but it conveys the general idea of how to obtain your desired output.
EDIT
To address concerns listed in the comments…
@pkr298 – Yes STR does only work on numbers… The OP’s field is an ID… hence number only.
@Desolator – Of course that won’t work… the First parameter is 6 characters long. You can do something like:
SELECT REPLACE(STR(id,
(SELECT LEN(MAX(id)) + 4 FROM tableA)), SPACE(1), '0') AS [padded_id] FROM tableA
this should theoretically move the goal posts… as the number gets bigger it should ALWAYS work…. regardless if its 1 or 123456789…
So if your max value is 123456… you would see 0000123456 and if your min value is 1 you would see 0000000001