Java – When is it a compiler error and when is it a runtime exception?

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Compile time error – the java compiler can’t compile the code, often because of syntax errors. Typical candidates:

  • missing brackets
  • missing semicolons
  • access to private fields in other classes
  • missing classes on the classpath (at compile time)

Runtime error – the code did compile, can be executed but crashes at some point, like you have a division by zero.

  • using variable that are actually null (may cause NullPointerException)
  • using illegal indexes on arrays
  • accessing resources that are currently unavailable (missing files, …)
  • missing classes on the classpath (at runtime)

(‘Crashes’ is really not the correct term and is only used to illustrate what happens)

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