{inner_k: myfunc(inner_v)}
isn’t a dictionary comprehension. It’s just a dictionary.
You’re probably looking for something like this instead:
data = {outer_k: {inner_k: myfunc(inner_v) for inner_k, inner_v in outer_v.items()} for outer_k, outer_v in outer_dict.items()}
For the sake of readability, don’t nest dictionary comprehensions and list comprehensions too much.