PHP OOP core framework

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The original question

The first part, about the URLs is something called: Routing or Dispatching. There is quite good article about it in relationship with Symfony 2.x, but the the idea behind it is what matters. Also, you might looks at ways how other frameworks implement it.

As for your original URL examples, galleries will be stored in DB. Won’t they? And they will have a unique ID. Which makes this, /backend/projects/edit/5/gallery/2 quite pointless. Instead your URL should look more like:

/backend/gallery/5/edit         // edit gallery with ID 5
/backend/project/3              // view project with ID 3
/backend/galleries/project/4    // list galleries filtered by project with ID 4

The URL should contain only the information you really need.

This also would indicate 3 controllers:

  1. single gallery management
  2. single project management
  3. dealing with lists of galleries

And the example URLs would have pattern similar to this: 

/backend(/:controller(/:id|:page)(/:action(/:parameter)))

Where the /backend part is mandatory, but the controller is optional. If controller is found , then id ( or page, when you deal with lists ) and action is optional. If action is found, additional parameter is optional. This structure would let you deal with majority of your routes, if written as a regular expression.

OOP beyond classes

Before you start in on using or writing some sort of PHP framework, you should learn how to write proper object oriented code. And that does not mean “know how to write a class”. It means, that you have to actually understand, what is object oriented programming, what principles it is based on, what common mistakes people make and what are the most prevalent misconceptions. Here are few lecture that might help you with it:

This should give you some overview of the subject .. yeah, its a lot. But is suspect that you will prefer videos over books. Otherwise, some reading materials:

You will notice that a lot of materials are language-agnostic. That’s because the theory, for class-based object oriented languages, is the same.

P.S.

Be careful with extends keyword in your code. It means “is a“. It is OK, if class Oak extends Tree, because all oaks are trees. But if you have class User extends Database, someone might get offended. There is actually an OOP principle which talks about it: Liskov substitution principle .. also there is a very short explanation

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