Unit identifiers are optional, but there is no noted performance increase (although you are saving two characters).
CSS2 – From W3C CSS 2.1 Specification for Syntax and basic data types:
The format of a length value (denoted by <length> in this specification) is a <number> (with or without a decimal point) immediately followed by a unit identifier (e.g., px, em, etc.). After a zero length, the unit identifier is optional.
(Emphasis mine)
CSS3 – From W3C CSS Values and Units Module Level 3 (Currently in Candidate Recommendation at the time of this writing)
For zero lengths the unit identifier is optional (i.e. can be syntactically represented as the 0).