Store a reference to a value type?

You cannot store a reference to a variable in a field or array. The CLR requires that a reference to a variable be in (1) a formal parameter, (2) a local, or (3) the return type of a method. C# supports (1) but not the other two.

(ASIDE: It is possible for C# to support the other two; in fact I have written a prototype compiler that does implement those features. It’s pretty neat. (See http://ericlippert.com/2011/06/23/ref-returns-and-ref-locals/ for details.) Of course one has to write an algorithm that verifies that no ref local could possibly be referring to a local that was on a now-destroyed stack frame, which gets a bit tricky, but its doable. Perhaps we will support this in a hypothetical future version of the language. (UPDATE: It was added to C# 7!))

However, you can make a variable have arbitrarily long lifetime, by putting it in a field or array. If what you need is a “reference” in the sense of “I need to store an alias to an arbitrary variable”, then, no. But if what you need is a reference in the sense of “I need a magic token that lets me read and write a particular variable”, then just use a delegate, or a pair of delegates.

sealed class Ref<T> 
{
    private Func<T> getter;
    private Action<T> setter;
    public Ref(Func<T> getter, Action<T> setter)
    {
        this.getter = getter;
        this.setter = setter;
    }
    public T Value
    {
        get { return getter(); }
        set { setter(value); }
    }
}
...
Ref<string> M() 
{
    string x = "hello";
    Ref<string> rx = new Ref<string>(()=>x, v=>{x=v;});
    rx.Value = "goodbye";
    Console.WriteLine(x); // goodbye
    return rx;
}

The outer local variable x will stay alive at least until rx is reclaimed.