Using BindingOperations.EnableCollectionSynchronization

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All the examples I’ve seen on Stack Overflow for this get it wrong. You must lock the collection when modifying it from another thread.

On dispatcher (UI) thread:

_itemsLock = new object();
Items = new ObservableCollection<Item>();
BindingOperations.EnableCollectionSynchronization(Items, _itemsLock);

Then from another thread:

lock (_itemsLock)
{
    // Once locked, you can manipulate the collection safely from another thread
    Items.Add(new Item());
    Items.RemoveAt(0);
}

More information in this article: http://10rem.net/blog/2012/01/20/wpf-45-cross-thread-collection-synchronization-redux

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