Here is how I solved the “slow symbol loading” problem in Visual Studio 2012:
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Go to Tools -> Options -> Debugging -> General
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CHECK the checkmark next to “Enable Just My Code”.
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Go to Tools -> Options -> Debugging -> Symbols
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Click on the “…” button and create/select a new folder somewhere on your local computer to store cached symbols. I named mine “Symbol caching” and put it in Documents -> Visual Studio 2012.
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Click on “Load all symbols” and wait for the symbols to be downloaded from Microsoft’s servers, which may take a while. Note that Load all symbols button is only available while debugging.
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UNCHECK the checkmark next to “Microsoft Symbol Servers” to prevent Visual Studio from remotely querying the Microsoft servers.
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Click “OK”.
From now on, symbol loading should be much faster.
Note that if you make any changes/downloads to Microsoft assemblies, you may need to go back into the Symbols dialog box and “Load all symbols” again.