what is/are the purpose(s) of inline?

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To restate what I said in those little comment boxes. In particular, I was never talking about inlin-ing:

// foo.h:
static void f() {
  // code that can't be inlined
}

// TU1 calls f
// TU2 calls f

Now, both TU1 and TU2 have their own copy of f – the code of f is in the executable two times. 

// foo.h:
inline void f() {
  // code that can't be inlined
}

// TU1 calls f
// TU2 calls f

Both TUs will emit specially marked versions of f that are effectively merged by the linker by discarding all but one of them. The code of f only exists one time in the executable.

Thus we have saved space in the executable.

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