What is the best way to concatenate vectors in Rust?

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The structure std::vec::Vec has method append():

fn append(&mut self, other: &mut Vec<T>)

Moves all the elements of other into Self, leaving other empty.

From your example, the following code will concatenate two vectors by mutating a and b: 

fn main() {
    let mut a = vec![1, 2, 3];
    let mut b = vec![4, 5, 6];

    a.append(&mut b);

    assert_eq!(a, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
    assert_eq!(b, []);
}

Alternatively, you can use Extend::extend() to append all elements of something that can be turned into an iterator (like Vec) to a given vector:

let mut a = vec![1, 2, 3];
let b = vec![4, 5, 6];

a.extend(b);
assert_eq!(a, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
// b is moved and can't be used anymore

Note that the vector b is moved instead of emptied. If your vectors contain elements that implement Copy, you can pass an immutable reference to one vector to extend() instead in order to avoid the move. In that case the vector b is not changed:

let mut a = vec![1, 2, 3];
let b = vec![4, 5, 6];

a.extend(&b);
assert_eq!(a, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
assert_eq!(b, [4, 5, 6]);

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