What is the difference between Convert.ToInt32 and (int)?

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(int)foo is simply a cast to the Int32 (int in C#) type. This is built into the CLR and requires that foo be a numeric variable (e.g. float, long, etc.) In this sense, it is very similar to a cast in C.

Convert.ToInt32 is designed to be a general conversion function. It does a good deal more than casting; namely, it can convert from any primitive type to a int (most notably, parsing a string). You can see the full list of overloads for this method here on MSDN.

And as Stefan Steiger mentions in a comment:

Also, note that on a numerical level, (int) foo truncates foo (ifoo = Math.Floor(foo)), while Convert.ToInt32(foo) uses half to even rounding (rounds x.5 to the nearest EVEN integer, meaning ifoo = Math.Round(foo)). The result is thus not just implementation-wise, but also numerically not the same.

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