Why is JSON invalid if an integer begins with a leading zero?

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A leading 0 indicates an octal number in JavaScript. An octal number cannot contain an 8; therefore, that number is invalid.
Moreover, JSON doesn’t (officially) support octal numbers, so formally the JSON is invalid, even if the number would not contain an 8. Some parsers do support it though, which may lead to some confusion. Other parsers will recognize it as an invalid sequence and will throw an error, although the exact explanation they give may differ.

Solution: If you have a number, don’t ever store it with leading zeroes. If you have a value that needs to have a leading zero, don’t treat it as a number, but as a string. Store it with quotes around it.

In this case, you’ve got a UPC which needs to be 12 digits long and may contain leading zeroes. I think the best way to store it is as a string.

It is debatable, though. If you treat it as a barcode, seeing the leading 0 as an integral part of it, then string makes sense. Other types of barcodes can even contain alphabetic characters.

On the other hand. A UPC is a number, and the fact that it’s left-padded with zeroes to 12 digits could be seen as a display property. Actually, if you left-pad it to 13 digits by adding an extra 0, you’ve got an EAN code, because EAN is a superset of UPC.

If you have a monetary amount, you might display it as € 7.30, while you store it as 7.3, so it could also make sense to store a product code as a number.

But that decision is up to you. I can only advice you to use a string, which is my personal preference for these codes, and if you choose a number, then you’ll have to remove the 0 to make it work.

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