As answered here there is a software solution for this, called DNS Proxy Server.
$ sudo ./dns-proxy-server
$ docker run --rm --hostname nginx.dev nginx
$ ping nginx.dev
PING nginx.dev (172.17.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.4 (172.17.0.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.4 (172.17.0.4): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.022 ms