Does Visual Studio 2017 fully support C99?

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No.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/visual-cpp-language-conformance

The compiler’s support for C99 Preprocessor rules is incomplete in Visual Studio 2017. Variadic macros are supported, but there are many bugs in the preprocessor’s behavior.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/walkthrough-compile-a-c-program-on-the-command-line

The Visual C++ C compiler is generally compatible with the ISO C99 standard, but not strictly compliant. In most cases, portable C code will compile and run as expected. Visual C++ does not support most of the changes in ISO C11. Certain library functions and POSIX function names are deprecated by the Visual C++ compiler. The functions are supported, but the preferred names have changed. For more information, see Security Features in the CRT and Compiler Warning (level 3) C4996.

Remember that Visual C++ is ultimately a C++ implementation and not a true C environment. The compatibility is a nice side-effect of C and C++’s shared heritage but despite superficial syntactical similarities the two are very different languages.

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