How do I copy a hash in Ruby?

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The clone method is Ruby’s standard, built-in way to do a shallow-copy:

irb(main):003:0> h0 = {"John" => "Adams", "Thomas" => "Jefferson"}
=> {"John"=>"Adams", "Thomas"=>"Jefferson"}
irb(main):004:0> h1 = h0.clone
=> {"John"=>"Adams", "Thomas"=>"Jefferson"}
irb(main):005:0> h1["John"] = "Smith"
=> "Smith"
irb(main):006:0> h1
=> {"John"=>"Smith", "Thomas"=>"Jefferson"}
irb(main):007:0> h0
=> {"John"=>"Adams", "Thomas"=>"Jefferson"}

Note that the behavior may be overridden:

This method may have class-specific behavior. If so, that behavior will be documented under the #initialize_copy method of the class.

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