reduce the capacity of an stl vector

by 
std::vector<T>(v).swap(v);

Swapping the contents with another vector swaps the capacity.

  std::vector<T>(v).swap(v); ==> is equivalent to 

 std::vector<T> tmp(v);    // copy elements into a temporary vector
         v.swap(tmp);              // swap internal vector data

Swap() would only change the internal data structure.

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