To understand why this doesn’t work, you need to understand what colnames<-
does. Like every function in that looks like it’s modifying an object, it’s actually modifying a copy, so conceptually colnames(x) <- y
gets expanded to:
copy <- x
colnames(copy) <- y
x <- copy
which can be written a little more compactly if you call the replacement operator in the usual way:
x <- `colnames<-`(x, y)
So your example becomes
get("x") <- `colnames<-`(get("x"), y)
The right side is valid R, but the command as a whole is not, because you can’t assign something to the result of a function:
x <- 1
get("x") <- 2
# Error in get("x") <- 2 :
# target of assignment expands to non-language object