Can I perform dynamic cumsum of rows in pandas?

The loop cannot be avoided, but it can be parallelized using numba‘s njit:

from numba import njit, prange

@njit
def dynamic_cumsum(seq, index, max_value):
    cumsum = []
    running = 0
    for i in prange(len(seq)):
        if running > max_value:
            cumsum.append([index[i], running])
            running = 0
        running += seq[i] 
    cumsum.append([index[-1], running])

    return cumsum

The index is required here, assuming your index is not numeric/monotonically increasing.

%timeit foo(df, 5)
1.24 ms ± 41.4 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

%timeit dynamic_cumsum(df.iloc(axis=1)[0].values, df.index.values, 5)
77.2 µs ± 4.01 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

---

If the index is of Int64Index type, you can shorten this to:

@njit
def dynamic_cumsum2(seq, max_value):
    cumsum = []
    running = 0
    for i in prange(len(seq)):
        if running > max_value:
            cumsum.append([i, running])
            running = 0
        running += seq[i] 
    cumsum.append([i, running])

    return cumsum

lst = dynamic_cumsum2(df.iloc(axis=1)[0].values, 5)
pd.DataFrame(lst, columns=['A', 'B']).set_index('A')

    B
A    
3  10
7   8
9   4

%timeit foo(df, 5)
1.23 ms ± 30.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

%timeit dynamic_cumsum2(df.iloc(axis=1)[0].values, 5)
71.4 µs ± 1.4 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

---

njit Functions Performance

perfplot.show(
    setup=lambda n: pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(n, 1))),
    kernels=[
        lambda df: list(cumsum_limit_nb(df.iloc[:, 0].values, 5)),
        lambda df: dynamic_cumsum2(df.iloc[:, 0].values, 5)
    ],
    labels=['cumsum_limit_nb', 'dynamic_cumsum2'],
    n_range=[2**k for k in range(0, 17)],
    xlabel="N",
    logx=True,
    logy=True,
    equality_check=None # TODO - update when @jpp adds in the final `yield`
)

The log-log plot shows that the generator function is faster for larger inputs:

A possible explanation is that, as N increases, the overhead of appending to a growing list in dynamic_cumsum2 becomes prominent. While cumsum_limit_nb just has to yield.