How do I get MEID and IMEI information using adb commands on Android 5.0?

To get TelephonyManager.getDeviceId() you can do:

adb shell service call iphonesubinfo 1

If you have problems with parsing service call output check out https://gist.github.com/ktnr74/60ac7bcc2cd17b43f2cb

Or you can do it on the device side with this Windows one-liner:

adb shell "service call iphonesubinfo 1 | grep -o '[0-9a-f]\{8\} ' | tail -n+3 | while read a; do echo -n \\u${a:4:4}\\u${a:0:4}; done"

Or in Linux:

adb shell 'service call iphonesubinfo 1 | grep -o "[0-9a-f]\{8\} " | tail -n+3 | while read a; do echo -n "\u${a:4:4}\u${a:0:4}"; done'