Nothing in C++ prevents standard headers from including other standard headers. So if you include any standard header you might conceivably indirectly include all of them. However, this behaviour is totally implementation dependent, and if you need the features of a specific header you should always explicitly include it yourself.
<joke>It’s obviously used to decay radioactive std::atomic types into non-radioactive ones.</joke> N2609 is the paper that proposed std::decay. The paper explains: Simply put, decay<T>::type is the identity type-transformation except if T is an array type or a reference to a function type. In those cases the decay<T>::type yields a pointer or a pointer to a … Read more
From the C99 Rationale document: (7.20.6.2 The div, ldiv, and lldiv functions) Because C89 had implementation-defined semantics for division of signed integers when negative operands were involved, div and ldiv, and lldiv in C99, were invented to provide well-specified semantics for signed integer division and remainder operations. The semantics were adopted to be the same … Read more
I found these answers (including the accepted one) somewhat cryptic. For me, I had to add the path where stdio.h is located (as @ardnew said). In Eclipse, you open the Properties of your project, expand “C/C++ General” and select “Paths and Symbols”. Make sure you have added the include dir for each language you are … Read more
stdio.h is standard, but deprecated. Always prefer cstdio in C++. [n3290: C.3.1/1]: For compatibility with the Standard C library, the C++ standard library provides the 18 C headers (D.5), but their use is deprecated in C++. [n3290: D.5/3]: [ Example: The header <cstdlib> assuredly provides its declarations and definitions within the namespace std. It may … Read more
You could just pipe the input through the program tac, which is like cat but backwards! http://linux.die.net/man/1/tac
Pre C++11: The function will not return the local variable, but rather a copy of it. Your compiler might however perform an optimization where no actual copy action is made. See this question & answer for further details. C++11: The function will move the value. See this answer for further details.
No, there is not a balanced binary tree in the stdlib. However, from your comments, it sounds like you may have some other options: You say that you want a BST instead of a list for O(log n) searches. If searching is all you need and your data are already sorted, the bisect module provides … Read more
As of C++11, special cases were added to the suite of power functions (and others). C++11 [c.math] /11 states, after listing all the float/double/long double overloads (my emphasis, and paraphrased): Moreover, there shall be additional overloads sufficient to ensure that, if any argument corresponding to a double parameter has type double or an integer type, … Read more
You are looking for Absolute/Relative imports from PEP 328, available with 2.5 and upward. In Python 2.5, you can switch import‘s behaviour to absolute imports using a from __future__ import absolute_import directive. This absolute- import behaviour will become the default in a future version (probably Python 2.7). Once absolute imports are the default, import math … Read more